Europe in an Era of Growing Sino-American Competition: Coping With an Unstable Triangle by Sebastian Biba & Reinhard Wolf

Author:Sebastian Biba & Reinhard Wolf [Biba, Sebastian & Wolf, Reinhard]
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9780367441203
Google: YZT8zQEACAAJ
Goodreads: 55653794
Publisher: Routledge
Published: 2021-01-15T08:41:41+00:00

Notes

1 The name “South China Sea” has become established in the English-speaking world and thus also as the commonly used international designation. In Asia it is known neutrally by the direction in which it lies, as seen from the respective country. Thus, the Chinese call it the “South Sea” and the Vietnamese the “East Sea”.

2 Submissions were received by the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS).

3 While the US is not a party to UNCLOS, it adheres to it as a matter of customary law.

4 According to Cronin and Neuhard (2020), the primary purpose of these bases in the Spratly Islands is not to support general conventional military power but to facilitate information superiority in keeping with China’s informationised warfare operational concepts. During peacetime, it helps the country’s maritime forces to more effectively track and harass foreign vessels which operate in the SCS.

5 Government officials and scholars around the world have switched their labels for Asia from “Asia Pacific” to “Indo-Pacific” after President Donald Trump popularised the latter during his first Asia trip in November 2017.

6 As Henry Kissinger puts it, “The United States, if separated from Europe in politics, economics and defense, would become geopolitically an island off the shores of Eurasia” (Kissinger 2014).

7 The 2002 ASEAN-China Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea has not yet been fully implemented.

8 Maritime domain awareness involves surveillance, intelligence and information collection about ships through human reports and automated systems and subsequent fusion and sharing of this data among all relevant stakeholders. It is an essential tool in maritime security used for law enforcement and incident management.

9 Until 2021, the EU will co-chair the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) Inter-Sessional Meeting on Maritime Security, in which it tries to promote cooperation on non-traditional maritime security issues, including port security, IUU fishing and law enforcement.

10 A trilateral cooperation mechanism for managing a range of transnational challenges in the Sulu Sea between Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines.

11 The Malacca Straits Patrol is a set of practical cooperative measures undertaken by Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand to ensure the security of the Straits of Malacca and Singapore (Singapore Government 2015).

12 The Information Fusion Centre (IFC) is a regional Maritime Security (MARSEC) centre situated at the Changi Command and Control Centre (CC2C) and hosted by the Republic of Singapore Navy.

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